By
Abby Marks Beale
Skimming
and scanning are two very different strategies for speed reading.
They
are each used for different purposes, and they are not meant to be used all the
time. They are at the fast end of the speed reading range, while
studying is at the slow end.
People
who know how to skim and scan are flexible readers. They read according to
their purpose and get the information they need quickly without wasting time.
They do not read everything which is what increases their reading speed. Their
skill lies in knowing what specific information to read and which method to
use.
What Is Skimming?
Skimming
is one of the tools you can use to read more in less time. Skimming
refers to looking only for the general or main ideas, and works best
with non-fiction (or factual) material. With skimming, your overall
understanding is reduced because you don’t read everything. You read only what
is important to your purpose. Skimming takes place while reading and allows you
to look for details in addition to the main ideas.
How
to skim.?Many people think that skimming is a haphazard process placing the
eyes where ever they fall. However, to skim effectively, there has to be a
structure but you don’t read everything. What you read is more important
than what you leave out. So what material do you read and what material do
you leave out?
Let’s
say you are doing research on a long chapter or a web site. By reading the
first few paragraphs in detail, you will get a good idea of what information
will be discussed. Once you know where the reading is headed, you can begin to read
only the first sentence of each paragraph. Also called topic sentences,
they give you the main idea of the paragraph. If you do not get the main idea
in the topic sentence or if the paragraph greatly interests you, then you may
want to skim more.
At
the end of each topic sentence, your eyes should drop down through the rest of
the paragraph, looking for important pieces of information, such as names,
dates, or events. Continue to read only topic sentences, dropping down through
the rest of the paragraphs, until you are near the end. Since the last few
paragraphs may contain a conclusion or summary, you should stop skimming there
and read in detail. Remember that your overall comprehension will be lower than
if you read in detail. If while skimming, you feel you are grasping the main
ideas, then you are skimming correctly.
When
to skim.Because skimming is done at a fast speed with less-than-normal
comprehension, you shouldn’t skim all the time. There are many times, however,
when skimming is very useful.
Suppose
you are taking a presentation skills class and have to deliver an oral report
in a few days about the first computers ever made. You locate six books and
four newspaper articles about this topic. Because you must be ready soon, you
do not have time to read each word, but you need a large quantity of solid information.
Skimming
will help you locate the information quickly while making sure you use your
time wisely. It will also increase the amount of usable material you obtain for
your research.
Suppose
you have an exam in a few days. You need to review the material you learned,
but you don’t want to reread everything. By skimming, you can quickly locate
the information you haven’t mastered yet and study only that material.
While
reading, ask yourself the following questions to help you decide whether or not
to skim. If you answer yes to any of these, then skimming is a useful tool.
?
Is this material non-fiction?
?
Do I have a lot to read and only a small amount of time?
?
Do I already know something about this?
?
Can any of the material be skipped?
If
you have sufficient background knowledge or believe you don’t need the
information, then skip it! That’s right—don’t read it at all! Believe it or
not, skipping material may sometimes be the best use of your time. Just because
someone wrote something doesn’t mean you have to read it. If you pick
and choose carefully what you skim and skip, you will be pleasantly surprised
at the large amount of information you can get through in a short period of
time.
What Is Scanning?
Scanning
is another useful tool for speeding up your reading. Unlike skimming, when scanning,
you look only for a specific fact or piece of information without
reading everything. You scan when you look for your favorite show listed in the
cable guide, for your friend’s phone number in a telephone book, and for the
sports scores in the newspaper. For scanning to be successful, you need to
understand how your material is structured as well as comprehend what you read
so you can locate the specific information you need. Scanning also allows you
to find details and other information in a hurry.
How
to scan. Because you already scan many different types of material in
your daily life, learning more details about scanning will be easy.
Establishing your purpose, locating the appropriate material, and knowing how
the information is structured before you start scanning is essential.
The
material you scan is typically arranged in the following ways: alphabetically,
chronologically, non-alphabetically, by category, or textually. Alphabetical
information is arranged in order from A to Z, while chronological
information is arranged in time or numerical order.
Information
can be also be arranged in non- alphabetical order, such as a television
listing, or by category, listings of like items such as an auto parts
catalog. Sometimes information is located within the written paragraphs of
text, also known as a textual sense, as in an encyclopedia entry.
Learning
to use your hands while scanning is very helpful in locating specific
information. Do you do anything with your hands to locate a word in a
dictionary? To find a meeting time on your calendar? To read a train or bus
schedule? Using your hand or finger is extremely helpful in focusing your
attention and keeping your place while scanning a column of material.
Your peripheral vision can also help you scan effectively. When your hand moves
down a list of names, you see not only the name your finger is pointing to, but
also the names above and below. Let your eyes work for you when searching for
information.
Keep the concept of key words in mind while scanning. Your purpose will
determine the key words. Suppose you are looking for the time a train leaves
from New York City for Washington, D.C.The key words to keep in mind are “from
New York City” and “to Washington,D.C.” If you are looking for the cost of a
computer printer with the code number PX-710, the key word to locate in a list
of many printers is “PX-710.”
When
to scan.?You scan when your aim is to find specific pieces of information. If you
were doing the research for an oral presentation, you could scan the index of
books, web sites, and reference materials. You would discover whether they
contain any information you want and the pages where the information can be
found.
In
the past, you probably scanned without knowing you were doing it. Now with the
information provided in this section, you can use scanning more intentionally
and frequently. The more you practice, the more effective scanning will become.
Finally, the most important benefit of scanning is its ability to help you
become a more flexible reader. Scanning adds another high gear to your reading.
Permission
to not read everything.?Because you may be used to reading every word and may
be uncomfortable leaving some words out, you need to give yourself permission
to overlook some words by skimming, scanning, and skipping material according
to your reading purpose. I give you permission to NOT read everything!
Reference
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